洋葱蛋白及多肽的制备及其体外抗氧化活性评价

对洋葱蛋白、4种不同水解度的粗洋葱多肽、4种分子量范围的纯化多肽组分的水解度、分子量、氨基酸组成、DPPH·清除能力进行了研究。结果表明,洋葱蛋白酶解后分子量大幅降低,必需氨基酸组分和支链氨基酸组分均有所提高,DPPH·清除能力大幅提高,且与水解度成正比;在4种水解度的粗洋葱多肽的纯化组分中,P-III(分子量为1~5kDa)的DPPH·清除能力均为最强,这归功于其合适的分子量分布。该研究为洋葱的高值化利用提供了理论依据。     

Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants

In the present work, a rheological study of liquid soaps prepared from different mixture of surfactants as a function of surfactant type and concentration was performed. The curves of shear stress vs. shear rate and viscosity vs. shear rate were recorded at constant temperature, 294 ± 0.1 K. The surface activity properties were also studied. The results of the study showed that values of surface tension, γ, were in the range 31–40 mN m⁻¹ and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), was of the order 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹. The calculated maximum surface excess, Γ_max, varied from 2.40 to 3.66 μmol m⁻², while minimum area per molecule, A_min, varied from 41.1 (for amphoterics) to 81.4 Ų (for nonionic surfactants). The standard free energy of micellization, −29.8 and −29.3 kJ mol⁻¹ for anionic and amphoteric surfactants, respectively, were while values for nonionic surfactants varied between −31.8 and − 30.3 kJ mol⁻¹. The free energy of adsorption, was the lowest for amphoteric surfactants (−37.9 kJ mol⁻¹), followed by anionics (−40.4 kJ mol⁻¹) and nonionics (−43.34 to −46.84 kJ mol⁻¹), indicating that micellization process is spontaneous in the examined medium. The synthetized liquid soaps show pseudoplastic behavior and they achieved pipe flow. The results of this research indicate that flow behavior was affected significantly by the ionic charge of the surfactant and the ionic strength of the formulation, suggesting that the flow behavior could be changed by manipulating the choice of the surfactant and salinity. The pH value of all liquid soaps examined were weakly acidic, in the range of 5.0–6.4.     

Discovery of New Antiproliferative Imidazopyrazole Acylhydrazones Able To Interact with Microtubule Systems

Even though immunotherapy has radically changed the search for anticancer therapies, there are still many different pathways that are open to intervention with traditional small molecules. To expand our investigation in the anticancer field, we report here a new series of compounds in which our previous pyrazole and imidazopyrazole scaffolds are linked to a differently decorated phenyl ring through an acylhydrazone linker. Preliminary tests on the library were performed at the National Cancer Institute (USA) against the full NCI 60 cell panel. The best compounds among the imidazopyrazole series were then tested by immunofluorescence staining for their inhibition of cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and their effect on the cell cycle and on microtubules. Two compounds, in particular 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyliden imidazopyrazole-7-carbohydrazide showed good growth inhibition, with IC₅₀ values in the low-micromolar range, and induced apoptosis. Both compounds altered the cell-cycle phases with the appearance of polyploid cells. Immunofluorescence analysis evidenced microtubules alterations; tubulin polymerization assays and docking studies suggested the tubulin system to be the possible, although not exclusive, target of the new acylhydrazone series reported here.     

阿尔泰南缘北塔山组火山岩锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

新疆阿尔泰南缘北塔山组火山岩较为发育。本文对新疆阿尔泰南缘默色克奥依一带北塔山组火山岩进行地球化学分析和年代学研究。研究表明：U-Pb锆石年龄为（384.3±4.0Ma）Ma，为中泥盆世；该组火山岩属于钾质钙碱性系列，全碱（Na2O+K2O=2.07%-6.49%）和YiO2（0.24%-0.64%）含量较低，K2O含量（1.11%-4.04%）变化较大，稀土元素含量（∑REE）较低。稀土元素显示其轻稀土富集且分馏不明显；δEu值均大于1，为Eu富集型；δCe值均小于1，为Ce亏损型。该组火山岩微量元素P明显富集，K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE）略富集，亏损Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素（HISF）。结合前人研究，本文认为默色克奥依一带北塔山组火山岩形成于岛弧及与俯冲过程有关的活动大陆边缘造山带环境，为泥盆纪古大洋俯冲消减过程中，俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物。     

等通道挤压纯铝的冷轧织构与组织演变

研究了冷轧形变量对等通道挤压纯铝的形变织构与显微组织的影响。结果表明：当形变量较小时，冷轧使挤压高纯铝的显微组织分布更加均匀。然而，随着形变量的增加，晶粒由等轴向纤维状转变。织构的演变规律为旋转立方织构和{111}<110>向冷轧织构（铜织构、黄铜织构和S织构）转变，同时出现了R织构。由此可见，等通道挤压变形对高纯铝的冷轧组织和织构存在一定的影响。     

基于化学监督的超(超)临界机组关键控制节能指标分析及建议

针对超(超)临界机组参数提高、材质升级,化学技术监督中的监督指标对机组经济性和可靠性影响较大的问题,本文通过机组典型案例分析、技术监督报告、现场实测等,对目前化学监督中影响较大的、关键的技术指标进行了系统性的分析研究。研究结果找出了6项化学监督中超(超)临界机组关键的、影响较大的控制监督指标,且提出了指标控制值和控制方法。这项系统性研究分析方法对指导超(超)临界机组化学监督具有重要的借鉴作用,以控制超(超)临界机组因参数提高和材质升级带来的新问题和新挑战。     

美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全的影响与对策建议

美国自2018年5月宣布重启对伊朗全面制裁,伊朗再次成为国际社会关注的焦点。本文系统梳理了伊朗能源禀赋及开发利用现状,分析了伊朗对中国能源安全的保障程度及其优势,发现1997~2017年伊朗对中国石油安全的保障程度呈波动上升态势,对维护中国油气资源供给安全具有重要意义,认为中伊能源合作具有战略互补性、地缘政治优势、经济优势、历史文化基础和降低美元计价风险等优势。在上述基础上,本文从能源价格、供给渠道和运输安全三方面剖析了此次美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全可能产生的影响,并从规避美国制裁风险和保障国家能源安全角度,提出了相关对策建议。     

公民水素养评价表征因素模型构建与分析

针对我国水资源紧缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等相关水问题,以提升全民爱水惜水节水护水的意识和能力为目标,从水素养概念出发,通过扎根理论质性研究方法对公民水素养评价的表征因素进行筛选和提炼,最终得出包含水知识、水态度、水行为为主范畴的10个表征因素并运用解释结构模型(ISM)深入剖析各因素之间的内在联系。在此基础上建立了3级多层次递阶结构模型,进一步精确描述系统各要素两两之间的直接关系。结果表明:公民水素养评价的表征因素自上而下形成了表象层、中间层和根源层等3个层级,可直观、清晰地反映表征因素之间的递阶、层级关系;水态度在各表征因素中具有调节作用以及各表征因素之间存在内在逻辑关系。研究成果为提高公民水素养水平提供一定的科学依据和政策参考。     

基于光流法的固体内部声传播方向测量

目前采用光弹设备测量超声传播方向多为人眼主观观测,其误差较大,难以实现精确的定量测量。将Farneback光流法应用于光弹图像的处理,并根据帧与帧之间的光流图来计算光弹图像中的超声传播方向,可以捕捉图像中的动态声场。在实验中对不同传播方向的超声进行了测量,其绝对偏差度数最大值为2.85°,测量结果较为准确。因此,Farneback光流法可用于光弹图像中声波传播方向的判断,且具有快速、准确和直观等特点。     

基于全相位预处理的时域多重信号分类波达方向估计方法

低信噪比下,针对宽带短脉冲情况下频域多重信号分类(MUSIC)中噪声子空间估计不稳定问题,提出一种基于全相位预处理的时域多重信号分类波达方向(DOA)估计方法。①对线列阵接收数据进行分组处理;②按搜索角度对各组数据进行相移预处理,并对各组数据预处理结果进行相加,得到一组新数据;③对线列阵接收数据在时域构建相移后的协方差矩阵,在更短数据长度下,稳定实现噪声子空间估计,并依据估计出的噪声子空间含有的正交特性,通过单位矩阵加法器得到相应空间谱估计值,实现波达方向估计。数值仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,相比频域MUSIC方法,该方法有效提高了线列阵接收数据协方差矩阵中信号含有量和信噪比,能够在更短数据长度情况下实现对噪声子空间的稳定估计,具有较好的稳定性和检测性能,提高了MUSIC方法在实际波达方向估计中的鲁棒性。